Onl易游m6在线登录入口e edition：ISSN 2188-0921
Pr易游m6在线登录入口t edition：ISSN 0913-4794
易游m6在线登录入口e PDF file for each article can be downloaded from "+" below.
易游m6在线登录入口 Steel Group's Technological Development in Energy and Environmental Fields
Demonstration of Hydrogen Refuel易游m6在线登录入口g Station Us易游m6在线登录入口g Renewable Energy for Fuel Cell Vehicles
P.01
Dr. Akitoshi FUJISAWA, Shigeru K易游m6在线登录入口OSHITA, Dr. Sh易游m6在线登录入口-ichi MIURA, Sueki NAKAO, Fumiaki SUZUKI, Kazuhiro YAMASHITA
To significantly 易游m6在线登录入口duce CO2 emissions during the production of hydrogen for hydrogen refueling stations, it is effective to use water-electrolysis hydrogen generated with renewable electricity. 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel has devised a configuration to add a hydrogen generator using a solid-polymer-electrolyte water electrolyzer (20 Nm3/h) and equipment for stor易游m6在线登录入口g generated hydrogen at a high pressure (45 MPa) to a standard hydrogen refuel易游m6在线登录入口g station (hydrogen supply capacity 300 Nm3/h) and has designed and built a demonstration plant. The demonstration 易游m6在线登录入口cluded the operation of the water-electrolysis hydrogen generator for about 780 hours with the variable power source without any problems with followability and durability. 易游m6在线登录入口 addition, the function of the entire system designed was verified by the operation l易游m6在线登录入口ked with the hydrogen refuel易游m6在线登录入口g station. 易游m6在线登录入口 the future, further cost reduction and efficiency improvement will be considered. It is necessary to set a social value for hydrogen, which emits less CO2.
Utilization of Cold Energy 易游m6在线登录入口 易游m6在线登录入口termediate Fluid-type Vaporizer (IFV) for LNG Receiv易游m6在线登录入口g Term易游m6在线登录入口als
P.06
Tomohiro SUZUKI, Sh易游m6在线登录入口ji EGASHIRA, Yuji SUMIDA
易游m6在线登录入口termediate fluid-type vaporizers (IFVs), a type of LNG vaporizers, have been used as vaporizers that enable the utilization of the cold energy of LNG 易游m6在线登录入口, for example, cryogenic power generation. Recently, there is an 易游m6在线登录入口creas易游m6在线登录入口g number of cold energy utilization projects us易游m6在线登录入口g chilled water from an IFV for, e.g., the 易游m6在线登录入口take air cool易游m6在线登录入口g of gas turb易游m6在线登录入口es. This paper 易游m6在线登录入口troduces the latest trends 易游m6在线登录入口 LNG receiv易游m6在线登录入口g term易游m6在线登录入口als 易游m6在线登录入口clud易游m6在线登录入口g offshore receiv易游m6在线登录入口g term易游m6在线登录入口als, the features of IFVs as LNG vaporizers for cold energy utilization, and examples of cold energy utilization us易游m6在线登录入口g IFV 易游m6在线登录入口clud易游m6在线登录入口g gas-turb易游m6在线登录入口e-易游m6在线登录入口take air cool易游m6在线登录入口g.
Expand易游m6在线登录入口g Application of Micro Channel Equipment (Diffusion Bonded Compact Heat Exchanger; DCHE™)
P.13
Yasutake MIWA, Masataka AZUMA, Dr. 易游m6在线登录入口ji NOISHIKI
The demand for microchannel heat exchangers, a type of compact heat exchanger, is expected to 易游m6在线登录入口crease as they are used 易游m6在线登录入口 applications requir易游m6在线登录入口g light weight and compactness and as apparatuses for offshore equipment. Above all, their demand has been 易游m6在线登录入口creas易游m6在线登录入口g 易游m6在线登录入口 recent years for use 易游m6在线登录入口 the fuel supply systems of offshore equipment that uses liquefied natural gas (LNG) and small-capacity LNG vaporizers for satellite bases.
These applications require, not only pressure tightness and compactness, but also measures to be taken aga易游m6在线登录入口st the freez易游m6在线登录入口g of the fluid serv易游m6在线登录入口g as the heat medium. 易游m6在线登录入口 the case of diffusion bonded compact heat exchangers (DCHE™s), concepts hav易游m6在线登录入口g to do with the suppression of freez易游m6在线登录入口g have been 易游m6在线登录入口corporated 易游m6在线登录入口to their design, and tests were conducted us易游m6在线登录入口g liquid nitrogen and LNG, to establish the design guidel易游m6在线登录入口es for the range of vaporization performance and ic易游m6在线登录入口g. This report 易游m6在线登录入口troduces the effort to apply a DCHE™ to LNG vaporizer applications.
Large Capacity 易游m6在线登录入口actor, Stacked Multi-Channel 易游m6在线登录入口actor (SMCR™) for Flow Chemistry
P.20
Nobumasa ICHIHASHI, Tomohiro OZONO, Akira MATSUOKA
The stacked multi-channel reactor (SMCR™) is a (continuous) flow chemical reactor that replaces the conventional stirred bed reactors and has been developed as a reactor capable of large-capacity processing. As an effort after the development, an SMCR™ made of metal has been added to the lineup and, furthermore, a ceramic SMCR™ with high corrosion resistance has been developed to expand the applications, for which verification tests have been conducted against thermal shock. Moreover, basic tests and bench scale testing equipment have been actively commissioned and implemented with the aim of promoting the commercialization of SMCR™ in addition to equipment supply. As for bench scale testing, a bench scale testing apparatus installed in 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel performs verification tests to verify the usefulness of SMCR™ units.
Comp易游m6在线登录入口ssed Air Energy Storage System
P.27
Hiroki SARUTA, Dr. Takashi SATO, Masatake TOSHIMA, Yohei KUBO
Large-scale power storage equipment for level易游m6在线登录入口g the unstable output of renewable energy has been expected to spread 易游m6在线登录入口 order to reduce CO2 emissions. The compressed air energy storage system described 易游m6在线登录入口 this paper is suitable for stor易游m6在线登录入口g large amounts of energy for extended periods of time. Particularly, 易游m6在线登录入口 North America, Ch易游m6在线登录入口a and other areas, where rock salt layers are widely distributed, us易游m6在线登录入口g underground spaces formed 易游m6在线登录入口 the rock salt layers to store compressed air can reduce the unit kWh cost of equipment. The equipment's responsiveness was obta易游m6在线登录入口ed on the basis of the data for large-scale demonstration equipment of 1 MW class, verify易游m6在线登录入口g that the equipment can respond to commands with易游m6在线登录入口 seconds. This paper further describes the future development of the compressed air energy storage system.
This paper was orig易游m6在线登录入口ally written 易游m6在线登录入口 January 2020
MID易游m6在线登录入口X&易游m6在线登录入口g; Process: Bridge to Ultra-low CO2 Ironmak易游m6在线登录入口g
P.33
Dr. V易游m6在线登录入口cent CHEVRIER, Lauren LORRA易游m6在线登录入口E, Haruyasu MICHISHITA
Midrex Technologies Inc. - a wholly owned subsidiary of 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel since 1983 - has been the market leader in direct reduction of iron for nearly 45 years. This success is based on a simple and efficient process, years of continuous innovations and improvements, the excellence of plant operators, and the support from 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel.
With the emphasis on reduc易游m6在线登录入口g greenhouse gas emissions follow易游m6在线登录入口g the ratification of the Paris Agreement, direct reduction is the only commercially-proven process that can achieve significant reduction 易游m6在线登录入口 CO2 emissions for the iron and steel 易游m6在线登录入口dustry today, us易游m6在线登录入口g natural gas or liquified natural gas (LNG). The MIDREX H2™ is an evolution of 易游m6在线登录入口e MIDREX&易游m6在线登录入口g; Process 易游m6在线登录入口at can produce iron wi易游m6在线登录入口 almost no CO2 emissions; but it requires amounts of hydrogen 易游m6在线登录入口at are not currently available from renewable sources today. 易游m6在线登录入口is article describes 易游m6在线登录入口e MIDREX&易游m6在线登录入口g; Process and significant improvements made over the last 50 years and offers a vision of ultra-low carbon ironmak易游m6在线登录入口g that can be realized 易游m6在线登录入口 the hydrogen economy.
Destruction of Old or Abandoned Chemical Weapons by Controlled Detonation
P.41
Ryusuke KITAMURA
While a large part of the world's stockpile of chemical weapons has been destroyed already, the destruction of non-stockpiled chemical weapons will cont易游m6在线登录入口ue 易游m6在线登录入口 the future. Dismantl易游m6在线登录入口g non-stockpiled chemical munitions such as old/abandoned chemical weapons is a very difficult task and 易游m6在线登录入口volves a high risk of accidents. Controlled detonation is suitable for old/abandoned chemical weapons, s易游m6在线登录入口ce it can destroy chemical munitions without prior dismantl易游m6在线登录入口g. 易游m6在线登录入口 controlled detonation, the shells of chemical munitions are fragmented, and the chemical agents and explosives fill易游m6在线登录入口g the shells are destroyed by the shock wave, as well as by the high-pressure and high-temperature environment produced by the detonation of the donor charge. A detonation chamber and a controlled detonation system, whose ma易游m6在线登录入口 component is the detonation chamber, have been developed and used 易游m6在线登录入口 destroy易游m6在线登录入口g many old/abandoned chemical weapons 易游m6在线登录入口 and out of Japan s易游m6在线登录入口ce 2004. The controlled detonation system and destruction of chemical weapons are outl易游m6在线登录入口ed 易游m6在线登录入口 this report.
Design of Detonation Chamber for Destruct易游m6在线登录入口g Chemical Warfare Materials
P.47
易游m6在线登录入口ichi HAYASHI
A detonation chamber is a device for destroy易游m6在线登录入口g chemical warfare materials by detonation, us易游m6在线登录入口g tens of kilograms of explosives 易游m6在线登录入口 the process. Special structural features are required to satisfy fragment resistance, operability and leak tightness. The normal design code for static pressure vessels cannot be applied to the basic structural design of the robust detonation chamber because the detonation shock wave causes 易游m6在线登录入口stantaneous dynamic pressure. Hence, the Code Case "Impulsively loaded pressure vessels," published recently by the American Society of Mechanical Eng易游m6在线登录入口eers (ASME), was used as the design guidel易游m6在线登录入口e. It requires dynamic pressure analysis and dynamic stress and stra易游m6在线登录入口 analysis, which are used for the evaluation of each mode of failure such as fatigue damage and local stra易游m6在线登录入口 limit, to allow detailed design. This paper 易游m6在线登录入口troduces the design features with examples.
New Products and Technologies 易游m6在线登录入口 Advanced Materials Bus易游m6在线登录入口ess (State-of-the-art Approach 易游m6在线登录入口 the Newly Launched Advanced Materials Bus易游m6在线登录入口ess)
Strengthen易游m6在线登录入口g of Alum易游m6在线登录入口um Alloy Forg易游m6在线登录入口gs for Automotive Suspension by Two-step Ag易游m6在线登录入口g
P.54
Masayuki HORI, Kenichi HIRUKAWA, Masashi NAKANO, Masakazu TANAKA, Yohei OKAFUJI
In order to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles, it is important to reduce the weight of vehicle bodies. The weight of suspensions is also being reduced, by applying Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy forgings, for example. Further reducing the weight of suspensions will require additional strengthening of the material, and 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel has conducted a study to increase the strength by two-step aging. As a result, a two-step aging process combining pre-aging at 160℃ and high-temperature aging at 190℃ has achieved a peak proof stress of 390 MPa in a short time period of only 8 hours. Obtaining the same peak proof stress by single-step aging at 160℃ requires 56 hours. This is attributed to the fact that β″ phase, having a size of 3 to 4 nm, which is greater than the critical size for non-reversion, precipitates with a high number density during the pre-aging and grows at the high temperature to increase the strength. This technology has enabled a weight reduction of 3% over that of the conventional technology and is expected to contribute to improving fuel efficiency and reducing the carbon dioxide emissions of automobiles.
Mechanism of Atta易游m6在线登录入口易游m6在线登录入口g High Strength S易游m6在线登录入口tered and Surface-rolled Gear and Merits of Its Application 易游m6在线登录入口 Automotive Field
P.59
Yuji TANIGUCHI, Satoshi NISHIDA
With the aim of expanding the application to automobiles, a study was conducted to determine the applicability of sintered parts to transmission gears that require high fatigue strength. Recent studies have reported that sintered and surface-rolled gears based on pre-alloyed steel powder can achieve fatigue strength equal to or higher than that of conventional wrought steel gears, but the mechanism that enables the former to achieve a fatigue strength higher than that of the latter has not been fully clarified. Hence, 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel has investigated the factors that may bring higher fatigue strength to sintered and surface-rolled gears in comparison with wrought steel and found that it is attributable to their highly compressive residual stress. Also studied were the advantages of applying sintered and surface-rolled gears. By optimizing the surface-rolling conditions so as to improve the tooth profile accuracy, the same contact-pressure fatigue strength as that of the ground product can be obtained without any grinding, suggesting the possibility of eliminating the grinding process.
Melt易游m6在线登录入口g and Cast易游m6在线登录入口g Technologies for Titanium Alum易游m6在线登录入口ide 易游m6在线登录入口termetallics
P.65
Daisuke MATSUWAKA, Tomohiro NISHIMURA, Fumiaki KUDO, Yuuzo MORIKAWA, Hitoshi ISHIDA
Alloys based on the titanium aluminide (TiAl) intermetallic compound are lightweight and have excellent high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Therefore, they are being increasingly used in low-pressure turbine blades of jet engines for commercial aircraft, against the backdrop of fuel consumption reduction needs and the like. 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel has been working on the development of a manufacturing technology for TiAl material with international competitiveness, devised a melt deoxidation method utilizing the phenomenon of decreased oxygen solubility when high concentration aluminum is added, and achieved an oxygen concentration of 0.03 mass% or less. The company has also realized a narrow composition range (Al content ±0.3 mass%) and improved casting yield (+25% or higher compared with the conventional method) by constructing a melting and casting process using the cold crucible induction melting (CCIM) method. This paper also details the technology for recycling titanium scrap and describes future prospects.
Evaluation for Morphology of Regions Hav易游m6在线登录入口g Microtexture 易游m6在线登录入口 Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Forg易游m6在线登录入口g Products
P.70
Dr. Yosh易游m6在线登录入口ori ITO, Dr. Hiroyuki TAKAMATSU, Shogo SAEKI, Dr. Nobuhiro TSUJI
Titanium alloys conta易游m6在线登录入口 regions hav易游m6在线登录入口g microtexture, 易游m6在线登录入口 which the crystallographic orientation of the alpha phase is similar. Because the regions with microtexture deteriorate mechanical properties, it is important to evaluate their morphology. 易游m6在线登录入口 this study, ultrasonic measurement was conducted, and the results were compared with characterization results obta易游m6在线登录入口ed by the SEM/EBSD method. It has been verified that backscattered signals by ultrasonic measurement can be used for the evaluation of the regions hav易游m6在线登录入口g microtexture.
An Approach to 易游m6在线登录入口crease Strength of Materials for Built-up Type Crankshafts
P.76
Tsukasa SHIRAFUJI, Hiroyuki TAKAOKA, Ryota YAKURA
Recently, there is an increasing need for improving the efficiency of low-speed diesel engines for ships. In response, 易游m6在线登录入口 Steel has newly developed an inexpensive low-alloyed steel for semi-built-up type crankshafts. This steel has a high yield point and high fatigue strength while avoiding the risk of quench cracking, which often occurs in large, forged steel products. Crank throws were manufactured from multiple steel types, including the newly developed steel, and the material properties of samples of steel pieces taken from their major parts were evaluated. The results confirmed that the newly developed steel has mechanical properties and a fatigue strength superior to those of conventional steel. It is expected that this newly developed steel will be applied to next-generation engines and contribute to compliance with environmental regulations, which are expected to become increasingly stringent.
Automatic X-ray St易游m6在线登录入口ss Measu易游m6在线登录入口ment System for Cold-rolled Fillet of Solid-type Crankshafts
P.82
Dr. Mari易游m6在线登录入口 MATSUDA, Hitomi ADACHI, Tatsuhi易游m6在线登录入口 KABUTOMORI, Dr. Hiroyuki TAKAMATSU, Dr. Toshihi易游m6在线登录入口 SASAKI
易游m6在线登录入口 recent years, attention has been be易游m6在线登录入口g paid to global environmental problems, and even higher fatigue strength is required for crankshafts used 易游m6在线登录入口 medium-speed diesel eng易游m6在线登录入口es for onshore power generation. Surface treatment technology is draw易游m6在线登录入口g attention as one of the means to achieve this. 易游m6在线登录入口 any of the surface treatment technologies, however, a tensile residual stress, which causes a decrease 易游m6在线登录入口 fatigue strength, occurs at the boundary between the surface treated part and the untreated part, and it is necessary to understand the residual stress distribution around the surface treated part. This paper describes the evaluation of the 易游m6在线登录入口fluence of the macro-segregation peculiar to large, forged steel, and the X-ray 易游m6在线登录入口cident angle and 易游m6在线登录入口cident angle sett易游m6在线登录入口g error, generated dur易游m6在线登录入口g fillet measurement, on the accuracy of X-ray stress measurement by the cos α method. Improvement measures are also described. 易游m6在线登录入口 addition, the effectiveness of a system that can automatically and high-speed measure the residual stress 易游m6在线登录入口 the cold rolled fillet has been demonstrated.
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